Aztec Civilization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1081 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Aztecs Essay Did you like this example? Believing to have begun as a northern tribe of hunters and gatherers whose name came from their homeland, this ethnic tribe was known as the Aztecs. During this time, the Aztecs were also known as Tenochca: a very unique name originating from their capital city, Tenochtitlan (ENCYCLOP?† DIA BRITANNICA). The Aztecs emerged as the dominant force in central Mexico, developing an intricate social, political, religious and commercial organization that brought many of the regions city-states under their control by the 15th century. (History). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Aztec Civilization" essay for you Create order In the early 13th century, the Aztecs first appeared in Mesopotamia. Their migration southward helped to encourage the disappearance of the previously assertive Mesoamerican civilization, the Toltecs (ENCYCLOP?† DIA BRITANNICA). Building their civilization in 1325 A.D., the Aztecs drained all of the swamps and built artificial islands to withstand the effects of gardens and their capital city. Typical crops in the Aztecs gardens would include: maize (corn), along with beans, squashes, potatoes, tomatoes and avocados; they also supported themselves through fishing and hunting local animals such as rabbits, armadillos, snakes, coyotes and wild turkey (History). Having a very mature system of agriculture during this time would be very important. Supporting families and also acquiring an extremely powerful military tradition, helped the Aztecs to create a successful civilization which would later become an empire. In 1428, the Aztecs formed a new three-way alliance with the Texcocans under their leader Itzcoatl. This then led to the defeat of their most powerful rivals and the conquer of the capital Azcapotzalco. Montezuma who was Itzcoatls successor, took power in 1440 and was remembered as a the great father of the Aztec Empire. Continuing the civilization, in the early 16th century, the Aztecs ruled up to 500 small states and five to six million people. At Tenochtitlans high point, this city had over 140,000 citizens and was recorded as the most severely populated empire in Mesoamerica history (History). Not starting out as powerful people, the Aztecs held greatly populated market days which drove the Aztec economy (History on The NET)(History). Personally believing that currency†or money as one may call it today†is very important. Not only was this civilization extremely advanced in their economic ways, but was also highly developed socially, intellectually and artistically. Socially, this empire was vastly strict with their caste system. Having the empires or nobles as the top rank, and the serfs or slaves as the bottom rank (History). Believing that being part of this type of social structure would be challenging, and being treated differently would be hard to except. The Aztecs also shared many aspects with other Mesoamerican religions, like that of the Maya, notably including the rite of human sacrifice (History). Deep in the cities of the Aztecs, great statues and sculptures were displayed. Showing respect to their many gods is a vast variety of ways, Huitzilopochtli (god of war and of the sun) and Quetzalcoatl (Feathered Serpent) were their main influences (History.) Also playing a big role in the Aztecs history and religious beliefs was their 365 day calendar. Wondering where the commonly used calendar in the United States today came from? Look no further than the Aztecs playing a major part in creating this very valuable tool. Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba was the first European to visit Mexico during the early 1517s. Bringing with him 100 men and arriving in Yucatan from Cuba. Then, Cordobars reports on his return to Cuba prompted the Spanish governor there, Diego Velasquez, to send a larger force back to Mexico under the command of Hernan Cortes (History). Cortes landed at the town of Tabasco where he learned valuable information from the ancient Aztec natives (History). Defying the authority of Velasquez, Cortes founded the city of Veracruz on the southeastern Mexican coast, where he trained his army into a disciplined fighting force. Needing troops to fight, Cortes and 400 soldiers charged into Mexico, with the help of a native woman named Malinche, working as a translator. (History). Not only was the man power extremely important during these times, but also were the weapons. These could include an atlatl, war bow and arrows, slings, blowguns, clubs, and specially made armor. Being an Aztec warrior during these times was a huge honor. Both commoners and nobles who captured enemy warriors moved up in military rank or became members of military orders (History on The NET). The Aztec empire was extremely unstable during this time; resulting in Cortes being able to form an alliance with other native groups such as the Tlascalans who were at war with Montezuma (History). Then, in November of 1519, Cortes and his men arrived in Tenochtitlan, where Montezuma and his people greeted them as honored guests according to Aztec custom (partially due to Cortes physical resemblance to the light-skinned Quetzalcoatl, whose return was prophesied in Aztec legend) (History). Although the Aztecs cared greatly about their weapons, they were not strong enough to fight off Cortes. Resulting in him easily taking over Montezuma and gaining power over Tenochtitlan. Murdering thousands of Aztec nobles during a ritual dance ceremony, Montezuma died under uncertain circumstances while in custody (History). Due to Cortess passing, his young nephew took over as emperor once the Aztecs drove away the Spaniards from the empire. With the help of the Aztecs native rivals, Cortes mounted an offensive against Tenochtitlan, finally defeating Cuauhtemocs resistance on August 13, 1521 (History). His successors, Cuitl?- huac and Cuauhtemoc, were then unable to hold off Cortess past forces, and, with the Spanish capture of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec empire came to an end (ENCYCLOP?† DIA BRITANNICA). After this awful victory, Cortess men built Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan. Quickly becoming the premier European center in the New World (History). In the end, the Aztec civilizations were truly astonishing. To this day, their heritage continues to proceed in multiple different ways: through social, political, and religious ideas. Including things such as their help with the 365 day calendar, the Aztec legacy will continue to live on all across the world. Through a great number of generations, Hernan Cortes provided powerful leadership skills (World History 186). The constant battles that the Aztec civilization had to continuously had to face caused many problems within their empire. Battling and overcoming all of these issues formed this tribe to who they ended up to be. Being strong, loyal and faithful throughout the course of history during this time was extremely important. As a result, still to this day, the Aztec civilization is recorded as one of the most intelligent and well developed empire.

A Comparison of Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient...

A Comparison of Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient Grecians and Romans and Shakespeares Julius Caesar When closely evaluating the two texts: Plutarchs The Lives of the Ancient Grecians and Romans and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, there are stark differences of the theme and characters. While Plutarchs text is mostly informative, as describing a series of historical events, Shakespeare incorporates a wide variety of dramatic conventions as well as changing many events to entertain an audience. It is important to note that Shakespeares play was based on Plutarchs text, which is why many of the differences are because of Shakespeares revision. Shakespeare changes the tone of many important characters such as Marcus Brutus and Mark†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare writes of Brutuss constant pangs of regret after he joined the conspiracy and after he took part in Caesars assassination. [Brutus] was the noblest Roman of them all: all the conspirators save only he did that they did in envy of great Caesar. (Shakespeare 5.5.69-71). Overall, Plutarchs tone about Brutus is opposite of J ulius Caesar compared to Shakespeares passionate tone about Brutuss honor and love for Rome. Another difference between Plutarchs text and Julius Caesar, other than the tone is the content. Shakespeare omits many events from his play such as Porcias proving of herself by self-inflicting a wound on her thigh. On the other hand, Plutarch does not go into Brutuss and Portias conversation of Brutuss troubles. Plutarch describes Antonys great speech at Caesars funeral, but does not capture the emotional struggle Antony went through to win the hearts of Roman citizens. Shakespeare intensely writes of the crowds reactions to Antonys speech. Most noble Caesar, well revenge his death. (Shakespeare 3.2.236). This shows that Shakespeare is displaying Antony as a heroic and brilliant defender of Caesar while Plutarch merely states that Antony was not meant to speak at all but was sent to speak after a day of discussion between the conspirators. Shakespeare also skips events, which were supposed to take place in

Questions On Conflict Management On The Workplace

Conflict Management: How to resolve conflict in the workplace? Mariann Wright Johnson Wales University Introduction Conflict happens in any working relationship and it should not be avoided or ignored. Diversity is the cause of conflict in the workplace because in almost every organization there is different cultures and nationalities, and employees with different experiences, values, beliefs, and opinions. When conflict arises in the workplace it is the manager’s responsibility to resolve the issue as quick as possible. Unresolved conflict can cause havoc in the workplace and can have a negative effect on the business. Employees may feel like they are in a hostile environment which could lead to low employee morale, poor†¦show more content†¦3.) Conflicts among direct reports or teammates- Leaders at almost every level have been awkward observers to conflict among partners (Fox, 2015). Your decisions are essentially to turn away or bounce into the shred (Fox, 2015). On the off chance that the contention is with individuals you direct, and you know they are not going to respond wel l, staying away from the contention is enticing however incapable (Fox, 2015). In my second research article by Heathfield (2016), she provides actions that should be avoided when trying to resolve conflicts. She also provides ways to mediate and resolve conflict. According to Heathfield (2016) these are the things to avoid when resolving conflict: â€Å"Do not avoid the conflict†, â€Å"Do not meet separately with people in conflict†, and â€Å"Do not believe, for even a moment, the only people who are affected by the conflict are the participants.† In mediating and resolving conflict: †¢ Meet with the participants together- Let each quickly compress their perspective, without remark or interference by the other party (Heathfield, 2016). This ought to be a short examination so all gatherings are clear about the difference and clashing perspectives (Heathfield, 2016). Intercede if either worker assaults the other representative (Heathfield, 2010. This is not satisfactory (Heathfield, 2016). †¢ Allow each participant to address actions they would like to see from the other party to resolve their issues. LimitShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of A Poor Communication Climate On The Workplace Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to the communication climate in the workplace. The review will provide a focus for the study and to report the important concepts and data related to the attitudes and behaviors in the workplace. The review will include an overview of the behaviors, conflict resolution, and educating leadership on communication strategies. A variety of resources will be utilized for reviews of literature pertinent to the project and to answer the research question. 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William Ury s Take On Peace And Conflict Studies

William Ury s take on peace and conflict studies includes using the ten roles to support and create the Third Side. Each of the roles has a specific job in promoting peace and interrupting conflict. Together the roles will help end conflict in the world if used correctly, Reading through Ury s book, I was able to make many connections to what we learned in class. The Third Side supports the change for peace we need to see in this role, and we will all find ourselves in one of the ten roles. The Third Side applies to this class and will make a change in the future. The first three roles focus on conflict prevention. These roles look to address the root of conflict and lay down the foundation for peaceful conflict resolution. The first role is the Provider, who enables people to meet their needs which include food, safety, identity, and freedom. At the beginning of the semester, we read The Dynamics of Conflict Resolution by Bernard Mayer. Mayer writes that at the center of conflict is human needs. Mayer also points out, â€Å"Conflict cannot be transformed or settled unless these needs are addressed in some way†. The role of the Provider focuses on addressing these needs and enabling others to recognize and meet their own. Mayer believes the needs are based in five forces that are the sources of conflict. The five forces are communication, emotions, history, structure, and value. With communication, humans are unable to perfectly communicate. The Provider knows people want toShow MoreRelatedGgfghj12150 Words   |  49 PagesCHAP T E R 1 Introduction to Conï ¬â€šict Resolution: Concepts and Deï ¬ nitions In this third edition of our book we bring the survey of the conï ¬â€šict resolution ï ¬ eld up to date at the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-ï ¬ rst century. Conï ¬â€šict resolution as a deï ¬ ned specialist ï ¬ eld came of age in the post-Cold War era. It also found itself face to face with fundamental new challenges, many of which have come into even sharper focus since the ï ¬ rst and second editions of this book. Why a ThirdRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 PagesHandbook of Economic Growth edited by Philippe Aghion and Steve Durlauf. We thank the editors for their patience and Leopoldo Fergusson, Pablo Querubà ­n and Barry Weingast for their helpful suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.  ©2004 by Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission providedRead MoreNegotiation: Game Theory and Games13514 Words   |  55 Pagesspecialized and formal version of conflict resolution most frequently employed when important issues must be agreed upon. Negotiation is necessary when one party requires the other party s agreement to achieve its aim. The aim of negotiating is to build a shared environment leading to long-term trust and often involves a third, neutral party to extract the issues from the emotions and keep the individuals concerned focused. It is a powerful method for resolving conflict and requires skill and experienceRead MoreLeading Function of Management15642 Words   |  63 Pagesplanning, organizing, actuating and controlling†. According to Henry Fayol, â€Å"To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to control†. Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword ’POSDCORB’ where P stands for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting B for Budgeting. But the most widely accepted are functions of management given by KOONTZ and O’DONNEL i.e. Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. For theoreticalRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesVirtual teams 9.3.3.1 Team performance [9.4.2.2] 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 9.3.2.6 Recognition and awards Defining the Project 4.1 Project charter 5.1 Gather requirements 5.2 Defining scope 5.3 Creating a WBS 5.4 Tools and techniques 6.1 Define activities 9.1.2. Responsibility matrixes 10.1 Communication planning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 ChangeRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmanage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials

Plato s The Socratic Method - 2253 Words

Plato wrote nearly 30 dialogues, most of which focused on his predecessor, Socrates. His earlier works focused on Socrates Theories, or the Socratic method, while his later works focused on his own laws and Xenophon s Hiero. Some of Plato s dialogues include the Meno, Symposium, Republic, and the Phaedo. The Socratic method is a form of inquiry and discussion between individuals based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to generate ideas. This paper is going to focus on a few of Plato s earlier works and how they incorporate the Socratic method, versus his later works that seem to go in a different direction all together. First, it is important to understand that the Socratic method is a dialectical method that often involves discussion between people in which one person questions the defense of a point of view; many times the person defending his point of view may contradict himself, which gives the opposition a stronger defense. For example, Socrate s would use a simple question to begin many of his teachings, such as â€Å"Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?† As an alternative example, are actions right, or wrong, based only on the authority s approval of said actions? Socrates used this method many times to secure his point of view. Although Socrates wrote nothing down, therefore not allowing us to truly study his point of views or his teachings, we can assume that most ofShow MoreRelatedSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words   |  6 Pageswas asking in the dialectic method (also known as the Socratic method). The Socratic method was also referred to as the method of â€Å"elenchus†. The principle underlying the Socratic method is that students learn through the use of critical thinking, reasoning, and logic. To solve a problem, it would be broken down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer a person wou ld seek. This method was a influence in creating the scientific method, where the hypotheses is theRead MoreQuestions On World Philosophy By Plato, Maria Montessori, And John Dewey1276 Words   |  6 PagesPaper Mikala: I ask you this, what is Knowledge? Plato: Knowledge is Virtue. Maria Montessori: Knowledge is what we observe. John Dewey: Knowledge is the active adaptation of a person based on their environment. This is an example of the Socratic dialog laid out by Plato. Plato was a philosopher and educator whom believed that education was the key to society. As a student, I realize how my education was impacted by philosophers such a Plato, Montessori, and Dewey. As a future teacher, it isRead MoreThe Socratic Method And Nietzsche s Objections1390 Words   |  6 Pages The Socratic Method and Nietzsche’s Objections In Plato’s apology, the story is told of how Chaerephon, friend of Socrates, went to the temple at Delphi to ask the oracle a question pertaining to the wisdom of Socrates, and how it compares to the rest of the men on earth. â€Å"He asked if any man was wiser than I, and the Pythian replied that no one was wiser† (Plato). This response was very confusing to Socrates because he recognized that he was not wise at all, and it troubled him for some timeRead MorePhilosophy1687 Words   |  7 PagesAnthony Charpentier Due Date: 10/7/14 PHI 307 – Ancient Philosophy First Essay Assignment Xenophanes, Socrates, Plato on the possibility of knowledge Skepticism – A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something. In ordinary skepticism this would mean someone who would doubt the existence of something. A difference between the two is normal skepticism is you try to get it clear in your head. Ordinary doubt - or local skepticism - can usually be tested - and even when it cantRead MoreA Life Sketch of Plato and His Works905 Words   |  4 PagesGreek philosophers, Plato must remain the best known of all the Greeks. The original name of this Athenian aristocrat was Aristiclis, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning broad) because of his broad shoulders. Plato was born in Athens, Greece to one of the oldest and most distinguished families in the city. He lived with his mother, Perictione, and his father, Ariston (Until Ariston died.) Born in an aristocratic and rich family, Plato s childhood was indulgedRead MoreThe Theory Of The Philosophy Of Education Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching Philosophy Emily E. Blackwell Athens State University Abstract Idealism, thought to be the creation of Greek philosopher, Plato, is the approach that teachers use to get students to ask and answer questions in order to reach the next level of education. The teacher will typically use a variety of inquiry based learning tactics. This school of thought is used to develop each students’ individual abilities and moral character. The idealist feels that with the development of moral characterRead MoreAccusations Against Socrates1014 Words   |  5 Pagesposed a threat to society was a factor, the most direct reason why Socrates was executed was his method to question wise Athenians. The Socratic method iniciated the corruption of youth by young men who tried to imitate Socrates and as a result, posed a threat to society since the next generation may not follow traditional Athenian rules. Early on, Socrates had clearly established to the Athenian s that he was not a Sophist. He had no intention to teach for money but instead to spread his newRead MoreSocrates Vs. Plato : The Essential Themes Of The Meno1633 Words   |  7 Pagesof context that is crucial to understanding the essential themes of the Meno, largely because the dialogue sits nearly at the beginning of western philosophy. Socrates and Plato are working not so much in the context of previous philosophies as in the context of the lack of them. Further, this is very probably one of Plato s earliest surviving dialogues, set in about 402 BCE (by extension, we might presume that it represents Socrates at a relatively early stage in his own thought). Nonetheless,Read MoreThe Philosophy of Socrates: a Lover of Wisdom2030 Words   |  9 PagesWisdom (2052 Words) THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCRATES 2 The lessons of life that are delivered by Socrates act as a basis for Western philosophy. Plato, the writer of The Apology, significantly respects Socrates and his dialogues act as a framework for our understanding in the passages. Our only record of his life comes from his associates, as Socrates never documented his opinions. A clear expressionRead MoreThe Basic Principle Of Inquiry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking. Ancient The Ancient Era of philosophy spanned from the 7th century B.C to the 5th century and consisted of 4 briefer eras; Pre-Socratic, Socratic, Hellenistic, and finished of with Roman. Many of the philosophers of this era came from Greece or Rome, but many Egyptian scholars also had significant ideas that were present during these times. Pre-Socratic Many of the works (such as plays, books, etc†¦) of this time period have been lost to history or we’ve only recovered portions of scriptures

Multicultural Education Piecing Together the Puzz Essay Example For Students

Multicultural Education: Piecing Together the Puzz Essay le When a child opens his (or her) first puzzle and the pieces fall to the ground, it may seem very confusing. What are they to do with this pile of shapes in front of them? It often takes a parent to explain to them that all the different pieces fit together into one whole picture. Although every piece is different and unique, when they are all put into their place they form one whole picture. In the same way, teachers can teach multiculturalism in the classroom. Although every member of our society is unique, with different cultural backgrounds, we all fit together to form one unit. As stated by Noel (1995), Understanding our own identity and the culture of our community requires knowledge and recognition of our cultures and communities and how they have shaped us (p. 267). By adding a multicultural component to their curriculums, teachers can help students see how each individual fits into the big picture. There are, however, arguments against multicultural education (Banks, 1995). For example, some critics believe that multicultural education is directed toward only minority groups, thus discriminating against middle class, white, heterosexual males. Others believe that multiculturalism is against Western and democratic ideals. A final argument is the claim that multiculturalism will divide our presumably united nation. Although critics of multicultural education may feel they have valid arguments against the issue, I feel that the goals of multicultural education make it an important part of the curriculum that every student should experience. I agree with Wurzel (1988) and Noel (1995) when they stress awareness as a key component to multiculturalism. Students must become aware of their own culture and how they are similar and different from others. Awareness also involves an understanding of issues involving differences in culture and a knowledge of which of these issues are present in their community. After becoming aware of these issues, students often react emotionally. With an awareness of the richness and variety of cultures in their community and a personal emotional reaction, students can take social action, another goal of multicultural education (Noel, 1995). Noel says that students would take action aimed at positive multicultural change(p. 272). I feel that these goals are proof that the arguments against multicultural education are invalid (Banks, 1995). Multiculturalism promotes positive change for persons of all cultures. It involves not only teaching majority groups about minorities, but also teaching minority groups about the majority groups. It has its base in democratic ideals such as equality, freedom, and justice. Multiculturalism will unite our divided nation into one unit which will have no mainstream culture, but many diverse subcultures which will cooperate for the good of everyone, not just the majority or the minority. I feel very strongly that multiculturalism should be included in all curricula. My school experience (until college) didnt include multicultural perspectives and I feel as if I missed out on some important things. I often feel a little clueless when confronted with situations involving people different from me. Without some knowledge of our surroundings, how can we be expected to survive in society? This question reveals one of the purposes of education, survival. Learning about the other people who share our community is an essential part of this survival in modern society. Multiculturalism becomes increasingly important as our society becomes more diverse. In the past (Lynch, 1989), efforts to provide multicultural content to students have, as critics feared, created more diversity and tension among groups. However, more recent methods are aimed at creating relations based on commonalities. Lynch (1989) suggests providing a basis of common knowledge, skills, and insights about the things that all human societies should hold in common (p. 43). The Atomic Bomb Essay Stressing similarities will unify groups with differences. Davidman (1994) defines the goals of multicultural education as: (1) educational equity; (2) empowerment of students and their parents; (3) cultural pluralism in society; (4) understanding and harmony in the classroom, school, and community; (5) an expanded knowledge of various cultural and ethnic groups; and (6) the development of students, parents, and practitioners.. .guided by an informed and inquisitive multicultural perspective (p.2). Just as the goals stated by other crusaders for multiculturalism, Davidsons goals follow a specific order and stress knowledge, understanding, .

Business Ethics For Hospitality

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics For Hospitality. Answer: Introduction Moral quandaries in work settings are entirely normal, and generally, they are not plain to counter. The thoughts are straight; nonetheless, the ordeal is in the implementation. Notwithstanding while companies have astonishing policies along with techniques that resemble governing regulations and controls, there is yet an elevated risk of dishonest manners. Case in point, a few workers might not discern the assets that are there to assist within basic leadership. They possibly will not be aware whom to swing to amid questions. At whatever time an association is not entirely sustaining people, they are increasing the possibility of elevated hazard behavior (Adorno, 2010). Why do a few associations bumble concerning morals? The answer is here and there basic. Much of the time there is mixed communication, for instance, inconsistent use of policies or a tendency to overlook extreme or yet frankly exploitative conduct. This is the "it's not my occupation" mindset. According to Blau Duncan (2013), the following are some of dilemmas in workplaces: Senior pioneers neglect to "walk the talk" they are blameworthy of displaying unseemly conduct. Pioneers frequently have a nonsensical feeling of qualification, feeling "I ought to be permitted to do this," or "I merit this. People may start compromising because of lost impetuses. At the point when an association starts remunerating the wrong things, this can prompt compromising on security, quality, and so forth. People may likewise want to be respectful to power, notwithstanding when they are being requested that accomplish something they feel is not right. People additionally have the requirement for conclusion, which can prompt clash shirking. For instance, a worker may not make sure how to approach a potentially untrustworthy circumstance, so he or she may select to finish it off without having the troublesome discussion about morals. Guarded rationale is predominant. This shows as "everybody is doing it, so why not me?" or "why would it be a good idea for me to stick my neck out?" Companies especially senior pioneers and different pioneers inside the association should be touchy to these things. They have to come across nature once more: how managers are situating the greater part of our representatives in their everyday work. It is safe to say that we are setting them up for disappointment as far as these ethical traps. What security nets would we say we are setting underneath them as they walk that tightrope, exploring through what an associate may ask, what a client may say or request, et cetera? These are key contemplations for any business (Xu, Ngai, 2011). In diverse situations, the problems of ethics associations encounter are notably extra troublesome in light of the fact that there is not a "wrong" reply. The hardest ethical problems in the workplace occur since at least two competing alternatives are on hand, both with its individual arrangement of ethical qualities. This occurs for the reason that we regularly are laying down two optimistic outcomes in opposition to each otherfrequently courtesy against sympathy. Concisely, it is the most challenging ethical dilemma to investigate (Janet, 2011). Ethical Dilemmas Facing Organisations Utilizing Volunteerism Volunteer-managed organizations are a subset of the social economy, different from people in general and private segments. For the most part, not-for-profits are driven by a social mission, look after self-sufficiency, and are socially claimed associations. Volunteer-overseen charitable associations are often not-for-profit associations drove, overseen and worked by volunteers endeavoring to finish shared objectives. Such organizations may occasionally employ people to finish a particular undertaking e.g. cultivators for recorded locales, transport drivers for an outing, or officials for a games competition. Organizations utilizing volunteerism have existed in all human advancements as social clubs, youth bunches, religious gatherings, gilds and other shared guide affiliations. Researchers such as Geiser, Okun, Grano (2014) perceived the noteworthy nearness of volunteer-overseen affiliations. Pretty much as such organizations shift in definition and phrasing, so do their administration models and structures. They can go from being dictator to participative, and any blend in the middle. Moreover, they can be imperious, administered by a solitary charming or religious pioneer; or oligarchic like in a games group where grown-ups as opposed to individuals (i.e. the adolescent) settle on the choices for the greater part. Accord based like an association sticking to women's activist beliefs; or a blend of majority rules system, organization, demonstrable skill, and government as in an every single volunteer firefighter association portrayed by Geiser, Okun, Grano, (2014). Nearby willful relationship with robotic, progressive structures will probably survive. Other how-to handbooks made particularly for group affiliations and every single volunteer association suggest bureaucratic models, which incorporate an overarching board, division of work, and firm representing approaches. Contemporary volunteers need fleeting errands and unambiguous directions as opposed to including themselves as "gathering fans" keen on the system. Interestingly, Georgeou (2012) demonstrates that the best neighborhood associations are those that ascent from the base up through indigenous, participatory activities instead of those embedded from above. Volunteer associations without paid staff contrast fundamentally from hierarchic, proficient and entrepreneurial sorts of associations and tend to utilize assembled frameworks, as socio-specialized units. Volun-Tourism Activities Volun-tourism consolidates the volunteer and tourism segments. It includes people voyaging abroad while additionally finishing fleeting volunteer work. This convergence builds an equivocal part for people since they are all the while a vacationer, what's more, a volunteer inside the host group; it additionally accentuates the characteristic disagreements of volun-tourism. It makes complex desires, because the volun-tourists intends to "have any kind of effect" while likewise investigating another culture. Individuals, particularly youth, are inspired by volun-tourism's benefits for giving back, self-disclosure, associations with others, and beneficial experience, and its organized arrangement since it offers a "sheltered" approach to investigate different societies. Disregarding these advantages, volun-tourism may likewise have negative ramifications (Bezruchka, 2010). It might be exploitative in creating nations since it just requires a fleeting inclusion and is connected to tourism. In addition, some associations or organizations concentrate on expanding the organization's benefit instead of the maintainability of the venture. In this way, while people are included in this experience, they should explore the opposing parts of their experience and in addition the numerous ramifications of volun-tourism. Part of the trouble in investigating volunteer tourism is the scope of definitions proposed by specialists. A few analysts like Stebbins (2015) characterize it as a type of option tourism that gives a valid, specialty encounter, which is differentiated to the immoderate practices of mass tourism. Others depict it as a type of advancement for both the individual and the host group. It is additionally seen as a path for to "wash away" their blame through make-work ventures, while visiting colorful districts (Pinto Upshur, 2014). One viewpoint of volunteer tourism is that it is seen as overwhelmingly positive and helpful for those included. These positive components are said to affect both the individual volun-tourist, and the host group. Volun-tourism is set here as a generally maintainable type of travel. Mostly, the positive components of volun-tourism are found in its capability to encourage social affectability and comprehension between both the traveler and host groups; this is displayed as advancing a common relationship, wherein both gatherings can thrive. The proposed advantages of volun-tourism are largely separated into those, which affect the voluntourist, and those that influence the host group and environment. Despite the fact that the advantages possibly may be uneven for the volun-tourist, seemingly, the benefits for the host group deem the wonderful opportunity as eventually being great. Roberts (2016) concurs that as opposed to the proposed regale, volun-tourism can likewise be spoken to as an exploitive and hindering practice. A few scholars clarify that the motivation behind why volun-tourism might be indicated as positive is on account of specialists concentrate essentially on the individual's inspirations, encounters, and viewpoints, while disregarding the suppositions of the host groups. By concentrating on the positive emotive and self-advancement parts of volunteer tourism, there is a danger of overlooking the auxiliary disparities that may emerge and along these lines neglect its negative perspectives. In fundamentally breaking down the conceivable downsides of volun-tourism, analysts trust that they can assess the negative effects it might have on both the volun-tourist and the host groups and speak to its disadvantages (Wilson, 2010). Problems and Dilemmas Having volunteers to do most of the core functions in an organization reduces job opportunities that might have been available. A voluntourist could be difficult (to manage) due to inspirations and sensitivity of association. While voluntourism is seen like development-style schemes, the volunteers inspirations might not prioritize this, but rather being somehow egocentric There is no normally acknowledged authoritative hypothesis for organizations using volunteers Conclusion Volunteer tourism may likewise be unfavorable in light of the fact that having outer volunteers do undertakings may diminish nearby occupation openings and advance reliance in view of the nearness of volunteer work. This in turn disturbs nearby economies as host groups get to be subject to the volunteer work. It might likewise strengthen the idea of an "other" in need, which can underline negative generalizations or an essential representation. It introduces the idea of a "removed other" who requires the duty of care with the favored "created world" watching over the less-special Developing world. It likewise bolsters the tricky idea of the gap amongst princely and poor nations and that the more prosperous are capable, which propagates an unequal relationship. Pros, or individuals with an alternate mastery or expertise set, accidentally make an imbalance of impact. For example, an educated part may turn into the sole-administrator and controller of the association's site or a magnetic part be turned into the media representative for the association. Such imbalance of impact makes a chain of importance of aptitude and must be figured out how to secure non-bureaucratic administration. Indeed, even in the collectivist association that may accomplish general ability, different wellsprings of unequal impact would endure, for example, duty level, verbal familiarity, and social aptitudes. References Adorno, T. (2010) Problems of moral philosophy, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press Astin A. W. (2012) What Matters in College: Four Critical Years Revisited, Journal of Volunteer- managed Organizations, San Francisco Bezruchka, S. (2010) Medical Tourism as Medical Harm to the Third World, Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 11, 77-78 Blau, P. M. and Duncan, O. D. (2013) The American occupational structure, New York: Wiley Geiser, Ch.; Okun, M. A.; Grano, C. (2014) Who is motivated to volunteer? A latent profile analysis linking volunteer motivation to frequency of volunteering, Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 56(1), pp. 324 Georgeou, N. (2012) Neo-liberalism, Development, and Aid Volunteering, New York: Rutledge Janet E. (2011) where is the learning in service learning? Journal of Volunteer-managed Organizations, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pascarella P. and Terenzini E. T (2011) How volunteerism affects organizations, Findings and Insights from Research, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pinto, A. D. and Upshur, R. E. G. (2014) Global Health Ethics for Students, Developing World Bioethics, 9, 1-10 Roberts, M. (2016) Duffle Bag Medicine, Journal of the American Volunteerism Association, 295, 1491- 1492 Stebbins R. A. (2015) Leisure and the Motive to Volunteer, Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan Wilson J. (2010) Volunteering, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 26: pg. 215, Retrieved October 19, 2016 Xu, Y.; Ngai, N. P. (2011) Moral Resources and Political Capital: Theorizing the Relationship between Voluntary Service Organizations and the Development of Civil Society in China, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, pp. 247269 Business Ethics for Hospitality Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Hospitality. Answer: Introduction: Tourism is regarded as the star of economic growth in Bali and it is becoming increasingly crowded place. Unplanned and rapid tourism development greatly affects the natural environment by way of affecting natural environment, localized flooding, increasing pollution and putting pressure on infrastructure of island. The report prepared discusses about newly opened hotel in Bali, Kuta. Rapid development taking place at Kuta has produced many negative effects on infrastructure and environment of town. Kuta has become an unpleasant, diminished and polluted town. Wildlife of Bali has been adversely affected by tourism development. Uneducated tourist and Bad management of site have caused a twisted relationship between tourists and animals (Andersson Lundberg, 2013). Newly opened hotel impact are discussed mainly in terms of impact on environment. Government realized rapid tourism development and poor planning are affecting the physical and cultural assets of Bali. Report also explain an effective way of operationalizing sustainable development concept by applying triple bottom line. This strategy focuses on profitability of operations and it include environment and people. Sustainable development goal is to secure economic development along with protection of environment. Triple bottom line approach to sustainability considers the view that the less impact of business has fewer natural resources and environment. Controlling the bottom line of environment implies monitoring, managing and reporting the consumptions, emission and wastes. Reporting and measuring the bottom line of environment is possible depending upon size of business, though it can be difficult and time-consuming process. Using the triple bottom approach model helps in understandi ng the expanding the newly opened hotel as an environmental and social entity. Triple bottom line is an accounting framework incorporating environmental, social and financial performance. Environmental variables under this framework represent natural resources and reflects potential influences to its viability. It incorporates water and air quality, natural resources, consumption of energy, land use and solid and toxic waste (Cheng et al., 2013). Discussion: Tourism industry in Bali has been threat to lives of many people and endangering conservations of nature and environment. Environment is not directly threatened by tourism industry but the means of supporting industry is very influential on environmental sustainability in Bali. Bali is an amazing island with stunning beaches, nature and unique culture. It is regarded as one of the most popular eco destinations in the world for hotels. However, despite this fact tourism in Bali has headed toward completely different type of tourism. Hotels are recognizing the importance of conservation of environment and an increasingly seeking accommodation supporting sustainable and environmentally friendly tourism. Hotels in Bali appreciate the natural spaces and cultures by conserving and minimizing the impact on environment. They focusses on overall wellness and this remains constant throughout outlay, food and peace (Cole Browne, 2015). It has been evident that Bali would be facing crisis of dr inking water as large share of water reserves are used by many of. Bali has become a hotel and entertainment venue Indonesia is becoming the world leader in eco-tourism and Bali is playing a key role as it has exceptional natural sites and indigenous culture. However, the development in eco-tourism is far from potential. Due to educated tourists, an increasing awareness has made the tourism sector as most interesting growth segment. Bali has attracted cultured, rich and Bohemian. This paradise situation eventually had given the way to ideally cheaper travel and the hotels are initiating seeking the turf of Kuta. The guesthouses and low-end hotels cater this new market. Some of the high profile tourist dependent business pride themselves in bringing more to a community that it can take away. A huge development in eco tourists resorts is witnessed in Bali. Hotels are willing to do something positive for local environment (Dopson Hayes, 2016). Some of the newly opened hotels in Bali are fully off the grid and they are powered by solar or wind. Water around Bali offers some of the popular diving in the world. The marine ecosystem and coral reefs are witnessing increased pressure from pollution, over fishing, sedimentation, exploitative recreational activities. Hotels of Bali in association with team of dive schools and various initiatives are working to help them in promoting damaged reefs rejuvenation, protecting the reefs from any further erosion and educating fisherman about safe fishing practices. Largest biorock installation have been built by several aquatics while working with local community for creating successful projects restoration. World wildlife federation in Indonesia has been working with hotels to help them protecting in reefs of the national park (dos Santos et al., 2017). Environmental impact of hotel operations: Environment is negatively impacted by hotels operation in a significant way. Huge amount of resources are consumed by hotels and it has been estimated that excessive consumption in terms of resources affects seventy-five percent of environmental impact of hotels, which creates unnecessary operational costs (Dredge et al., 2014). Many green practices can be implemented by hotels as preventive tools for saving unnecessary costs. Such practices include energy consumption, recycling, pollution of prevention such as discharging waste in waterways, saving energy by installation of green roofs, installation of renewable energy resources and solar heaters, linens reusing and thereby improving quality of environment in which they operate (Xu Gursoy, 2015). Newly sustainable hotel in Bali would take several environmental initiatives for being a sustainable hotel. Hotel would link up with green globe for enabling the hoteliers to understand the advantage of green strategy projects such as launching recycling programs, replacing light bulbs and choosing efficient technology that is energy efficient. These efforts does not come with excess implementation costs and it requires engaging employees with the green ideals. Company for implementing green initiatives and becoming green company makes transition. Hotel has volunteered by its involvement in a comprehensive program concerning tree planting. Organization has enables the major inroads into minimizing the use of plastics within operations. It intends to replace the bottled water with glass and reusing the plastics, which is used, by hotels. This would ensure that plastics are kept apart for recycle or disposal. Green team of organization has helped in setting up the in house composting b y way of graded clippings, utilizing wastes of kitchen and eventually returning to grounds (Wang, 2014). Concerning other environmental aspects, there is a two-way interaction between hotels, culture and the community. Hotel business is thought to be as the social cultural setting, it is regarded as the source of influencing operations, and this is done in accordance with bottom line and profit rationality. Organization intends to seriously involve with corporate sustainability, local hiring and community development. Some of the quality initiative that would be taken by hotel are working with partners and vendors for reducing the carbon footprint for some procurement activities and installation of more efficient system in all the villas during innovations (Strauss, 2015). Initiatives taken to conserve the resources involve serving water only on requests in bars and restaurants. Guests are encouraged to use options such as carpooling from the airport or transfer whenever it is possible. Initiatives are taken to convert lighting options, which are more energy efficient in a targeted ways so that experience of guests are not diminished. When it is considered feasible to reduce the carbon footprint and in this regard, it is feasible to consider local food purveyors and adopting a farm to table approach. They also intend to maintain business ethics amongst the staffs, management and business contacts that sounds healthy. Hotel would depict areas of weakness and strength within the overall environmental operations and taking attempts to eventually reduce the potential impact of its operation. Substantial reducing the potential impact on surface water, air, ground water community, health of employees, public health and quality of life. This is done while operating in a boutique resort environment of higher quality for its guest in not just meeting expectation but expecting it (Parsa et al., 2015). Green team of hotel focuses on efficient communications and striving for regular improvement in prevention of pollution while exceeding current locations. Hotels would continually research for implementing activities that will help in improving their abilities for properly utilizing man-made and natural resources both conservatively and economically. It is recognized by the organization that sustainability is an ever-changing responsibility and hence the policy concerning environment are reviewed annually (Ha ck et al., 2014). Organization has the policy of practicing sound environmental stewardship and well-being and health of employees promotion. A number of discharge is produced by hotels and has the potential of polluting air, water and land. Impact of these discharge on the environment depend upon the practice of management undertaken by hotels coupled with hotel location and surrounding environment sensitivity. Main sources are treated and untreated sewage, emissions from vehicle, spills and odors from laundry and kitchen, discharging of hazardous chemical the train, CFC from air condition systems (Fennell, 2015). Many of the island in Indonesia has no recycling services and some of them has good recycling infrastructure for soft drinks and beer bottles. Some of the hotels in island of Indonesia have recycling facilities and many of them are too distant from it. Environmental considerations are an important aspect for preservation of cultural and natural heritage of Bali. This will allow the guest to have authentic local experience. Hotel integrate local partnership within the community for raising awareness for positive environmental change. For sustaining a part of healthy natural resources on island of Bali. It has an innovative community partner which enable local communities what the corporate social responsibility looks like. Hotel would organize beech clean ups on regular basis and this is organized by green team (Farrington et al., 2017). Central government of Indonesia has enacted several laws for promoting the practice of corporate social responsibility. Tourism act states the obligation of tourism companies to respect the local culture, preserve natural environment, employ local people and provide priority to local suppliers (Wise, 2016). Triple Bottom Line Approach: One of the most comprehensive approach for measuring the sustainability performance of hotels is triple bottom line approach, which is developed by Elkington. It is a decision framework, planning and reporting system focusing on controlling and measuring the environmental, economic and social framework of hotels. Triple bottom approach is considered relevant for achievement for attainment of sustainable development. Triple bottom approach reporting model helps in creating a hotel sustainable business model (Jones et al., 2016). Using this model, hotels firm have learned to operate in a market-based environment. Hotel managers in Bali are aware of social and environmental performance goals. Hotel organization are increasingly recognizing the importance of bio diversity and environmental education issues. Firm in terms of human and cultural capital monitors social performance. For corporate firms, Triple bottom approach is a dispersion of sustainability agenda. Environmental sustainabi lity implies management and conservation of resources in such a way that pollution of water, air, land is reduced, along with is preserving natural heritage, and biological diversity. In order to make implementation possible and successful as per the triple bottom approach, additional requirements are needed by tourism destinations (Melissen, 2013). It is anticipated by researcher that hotel firms in Bali would manage the use and cost of resources and there would be less focus on biodiversity and environmental education. There is no significant difference between the environmental education and bio diversity importance. In the environmental business line, monitoring of indicators seemed to be consistent with perceived importance of indicators. Direct cost savings motivate hotels and they seem to be focusing on green performance of water consumptions, energy consumptions and waste management (Ernawati et al., 2015). Environmental reporting concerning the bottom line approach concerns with attention to issues such as water management, solid waste, climate change, energy usage and conservation of biodiversity is related ecological and saving footprints accounts on natural capital assets. A sustainable challenge of sustainability reporting faced by hotel firms in Bali with the Triple bottom line accounting is measuring the environmental and social bottom lines, which is referred to as planet that is natural capital and people that is human capital. This is not in quantifying the profitability of bottom line for economic activities (Gou Xie, 2016). The global Reporting Initiative has pioneered the use of most widely sustainability framework and its development for reporting on triple bottom line. Global reporting initiatives offers universally applicable guidelines, sector supplements are tailored versions and make the submission of additional documents specialized to hospitality sector. Some of th e supplements are not available for hospitability industry. Triple bottom line is an environmental business concept. It would provide method for hotel to achieve areas of improvement. This include people, profit and planet. One of the major impact on planet is the waste generated by company. Hotel make large amount of materials such as paper, plastic and metal. Company needs to reduce the disposal costs for consumers of its products. Hotels should adopt several strategies for minimizing the impact on environment (Law et al., 2016). Strategies to be taken by newly opened hotel: Water conservation strategy- Many hotels use large amount of water in production and for processing such as cleaning, growing crops and cooling down of equipments. Hotels can conserve water by purchasing products such as efficient toilets and faucets and turning off the appliances when they are not in use. One way used by hotels in conserving water is by asking the guests if they need to have a towel washed during an extended stay rather than washing all towels in a room each day. Newly opened hotel in Bali would opt to use concentrated such as laundry detergent as this will provide cleaning power and at the same reducing the amount of water contained in the products (McWilliams et al., 2014). Sustainable woods strategy- Hotel can improve its triple bottom line by making use of resources from sustainable resources. Hotel should produce its products using hardwoods and bamboo that are grown using sustainable methods. Hotel firms should replace trees that cannot be farmed easily with trees and are easy to grow so that the hotel would be able to keep purchasing the source of wood in future. Some of the alternative to petroleum-based products that can be used by hotels are using wood products (Mason, 2015). Better technology- Hotels can replace its drying ovens with electron beams with large food package printing operations. This would save millions of energy and avoiding tons of pollution. Such adopted technology are more profitable and sustainable. While adopting to the technology, it is critical to recognize the brand owner and retailers so that hoteliers are able to understand the manufacturing process of supply chain that are affecting the environment. Community development strategy- Hotel in Bali would assist member of community by providing scholarships to students, donating and purchasing equipment. Bali is regarded as the most popular tourist destinations and it is considered as the most loved tropical holiday island. Current situation of Bali has issues of pollution, traffic and uncontrolled tourism development. Mass tourism has become a part of Bali as tourism helps inn creating jobs and income of millions of Indonesians. Some of the challenges faced by hotel firms in Bali is that they does not get hold of infrastructural and environmental problems. It is questioned by many people that prosperity of Balinese property are failed to enhance by way of hotel development. People in Bali want to grow economically and make use of resources and natural assets. Hotels in Bali have been facing with the challenge of immense problems in the area of garbage and water management (Mackenzie Peters, 2014). Hotels cannot keep up with wastewater and rubbish if things do not same. It is estimated that Hotels produces more than two cubic meters of waste per day and they are responsible for thei r own waste management services. Newly opened hotel intended to manage the solid waste are required to provide proper equipment and following procedures for management of waste resources. Sustainability would be at the forefront of newly sustainable hotel in Bali. Green initiatives would be taken by organization as it intends to take recycling procedures (Lovelock Lovelock, 2013). It is evident that consumers are increasingly becoming aware of environment footprint. Hotels have the responsibility of minimizing the environmental impact of their operations and supporting the communities residing in Bali. For the future development, Community and conservation has been the forefront for making tourism to make successful and sustainable. The newly opened hotel would be committed to specific sustainability targets and goals. This hotel group has excited development plan and it has been stated that sustainability is the key for every forthcoming activities taken by the organization. Hotels need to develop with different partners and should strictly adhere to environmental standards (Lehnert et al., 2015). Conclusion: The newly opened hotel in Bali and its initiatives has been discussed in context with Triple bottom line approach model. Because of tourism employment, social networking in Bali has strengthened. Obligation of maintaining environmental sustainability have become the top agenda for mangers of hotels in Bali. Tourist arrival and high growth of hotel are correlated with high resources so that the demand of hotel guests are met. Tourism benefits in relation to sustainability of environment are the preservation of existing and natural resources. Tourism department in Bali has implemented environmental management and this helps in providing benefits such as cutting operating costs, water management, solid and liquid waste reductions, energy management, resource consumptions, managing purchasing products required for operations of hotels. All this is mainly in terms of environmental management. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that newly opened hotel in Bali would mainly face the environmental issues concerning pollution and waste management. As per the approach of triple bottom line applied to hotel, sustainable concept is used as an umbrella concept. Under this, terms such as heritage, eco-tourism and geo tourism would fall. Hotels are capable of employing measures of tourisms for assessing their environmental and economic sustainability. However, some of the measures adopted are not readily adopted by hospitality sectors. Reference: Andersson, T. D., Lundberg, E. (2013). 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